ABSTRACT
Held's and Bhabha's perspectives are inclined to a tradition of liberal individualism as well as global culture and international politics, crucially their understanding is anchored in traditions of British commercial and postcolonial cosmopolitanism. In contrast Bhabha advocates an inclusive transnational cultural cosmopolitanism that traverses the Eurocentric focus on Europe and the Europen Union and Behrend asks for cosmopolitan all-inclusive nations, Germany. The national 'community cohesion' in Germany has some roots in a volkisch project of homogenising and 'comforting' the political community. Eric Kaufman argues that the Schengen agreement preserving the identity of Europe's frontier and citizenship laws highlights the limits of cultural cosmopolitanism. The mainstreaming of new cosmopolitanism as a cultural European discourse fits appropriately into a post democratic Europeanisation process that welcomes mobile, cosmopolitan European citizens while disregarding other migrating global cosmopolitans.
