Has the CSDP Become the Instrument for Foreign Intervention and Engagement Envisioned by the Member States and the EU?

In 15 years, since the 1998 Saint Malo declaration, the CSDP has gone through several rounds of adjustment: from political narratives, to institutional agreements, to deployments, to reflections on its relevance. Since the first deployment in 2003, 29 CSDP missions—civilian and military combined—have been launched demonstrating the willingness of the EU and its Member States to contribute to regional and international security.