ABSTRACT
Ethnicity is primarily connected with the use of various languages. Groups using the same language tend to develop cultural identities. An Arab culture or tradition consists of patterns of thinking and acting that have implications for major social and political outcomes in the Arab world. Linguists have attempted to classify most of the living languages into taxiomatic language families with various kinds of subgroup. In order to understand the impact of ethnicity on politics, the chapter takes a closer look at six countries where ethnicity has been highly visible, studying the impact of ethnicity on politics in parliamentary or presidential systems. The six countries are the USA, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium and India. From a global perspective India is the most heterogeneous countries in the world with respect to ethnicity. Left right orientation is a classical scale in attitude research that allows one to classify both the electorate and political elites.
