ABSTRACT

This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book differentiates between public-sector corruption and private-sector corruption and has included both in the discussion about corruption. Corruption is held responsible for diverting funds from international aid organizations designated for much needed development projects, such as roads, hospitals, and schools. Transparency International data are used by governmental, developmental, and non-governmental organizations (NGO) organizations to allocate their resources, which may take the form of funding, technical assistance, or merely attention. Nearly all work on corruption looks to political, legal, and economic institutions and resulting corruption levels. One reason that the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and other national laws to abide by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Convention or UN Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) may not be followed is that working in a corrupt society and not being corrupt has a financial cost.