ABSTRACT
During World War II, collaborators, collaborationists and collaborationism referred to nationals who worked with the Nazis, in France, the Netherlands and other countries that experienced direct occupation by an army. Collaborationists are those who seek to develop chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction, those who collaborate because their departmental or administrative guidelines for promotion or tenure recommend evidence of intra or interdisciplinary collaboration. Ecology has frequently witnessed the formation of interdisciplinary research centres and establishment of associated land areas for observation. Bocking employs the language of collaboration for the interaction of conservancy ecologists with government officials and local landowners. Bocking's work underscores the need to pay careful attention to the interactions between other sorts of actors and scientists. The need for support often makes the relationships between funding agencies and potential collaborators a crucial part of the process. Collaborative work is perceived as more likely to get funding and sometimes programme managers strongly encourage collaboration between competitors.
