ABSTRACT
This chapter explains the processes of state and nation-building within the political dynamics that shaped the regulation of citizenship in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro. In Macedonia, the first citizenship policy contained provisions that the ethnic Macedonian elites used to ensure dominance over the country. The signature of the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA) in 2001 introduced a transformation of the legal, political and societal milieus in Macedonia. Similar to the Dayton Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the OFA has been successful in halting the conflict in Macedonia and ensuring some minority rights. While primarily all the people inhabiting the territory of this post-Yugoslav state are defined as its citizens, the constitution still reinforces ethnic boundaries by explicitly mentioning ethnic belonging of different groups. Given the victory of the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS)-led coalition on the referendum on independence and the subsequent elections, the country's citizenship regime has been strongly influenced by state and nation-building.
