ABSTRACT
... with respect to the force of the law: that is, with respect to the motives it relies upon for enabling it to produce the effects it aims at. Motives of some sort or other to trust to it evidently must have: for without a cause no such thing as an effect: without a motive no such thing as action. What then are motives? We have seen that they are but the expectations of so many lots of pain and pleasure, as connected in a particular manner in the way of causality a with the actions with reference to which they are termed motives. b When it is in the shape of pleasure they apply, they may be termed alluring motives: when in the shape of pain, coercive. c It is when those of the alluring kind are held up as being connected with an act, that a reward is said to be offered: it is when those of the coercive kind are thus held up, that a punishment is said to be denounced.
