ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book examines how Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) evolved from a bare-bones outfit responsible for assessments and counter intelligence (CI) to the multifaceted intelligence and security behemoth it has become today. It explores those themes that permeate the warp and weft of ISI's history including the use of UW to achieve national goals as defined by the army. The book explains several cases where US officials referenced 'rogue' agents inside ISI or hinted that ISI itself may be a 'rogue' agency. ISI reached its prime in the 1980s, when it was the most important member of a three-party intelligence alliance that included the CIA and Saudi Arabia's GID. Leaving intelligence coordination aside, we find that, as early as the mid-1950s, the military agencies in general, but ISI in particular, were dwarfing their civilian counterparts in personnel, resources and institutional clout.
