ABSTRACT

This chapter looks into the phenomenon of National-Bolshevism that emerged in interwar Germany. It discusses the pro-Russian activities of far-right neutralist groups in post-war West Germany and Austria, and how the Soviet and socialist counterintelligence services exploited the Western far right in these countries. The chapter analyses the writings and activities of Francis Parker Yockey and Jean Thiriart, who were arguably the most important post-war Western far-right ideologues calling for an alliance with Soviet Russia. In the beginning of the Cold War, neutralism became a major topic in the foreign policy debates in West Germany. Imperium was critical of Russia and clearly associated it, along with the United States, with the 'extra-European forces' threatening Europe. The concept of 'Euro-Soviet Empire' revealed a significant and radical departure from Thiriart's 'geopolitical treatise' of the 1960s, and this departure was symbolically reflected in the reversal of the direction of prospective European unification.