ABSTRACT
The American presidency is an office of great power and majesty, and there are a variety of theories, typologies, and apologies in the literature on presidential leadership. An important part was played by African Americans who obtained leadership roles in the federal bureaucracy in general. Therefore, the first quest of African Americans in terms of the bureaucracy was to make it representative of all the people. Relatedly, the bureaucracy—the hundreds of departments, agencies, bureaus, and commissions that enforce the law and implement public policies—is integral to the African American quest for universal freedom and equality. " What President Lincoln was saying and what all other American presidents from George Washington to Barack Obama have said is that the problem of African American freedom must take second place to what is good for the nation—the Union—as a whole. Thus, on January 1, 1863, the president, using his authority as commander in chief of the army and navy, issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
