ABSTRACT
Since the later 18th century, new political regimes have developed the habit of advertising their newness by enacting written constitutions. These days new constitutions address at least three audiences: a population that is supposed to live by its provisions, an international community that must deal with its leaders, and an array of people who will actually run the country. Each of these audiences, furthermore, typically has more than a single ear. Constitutional definitions of citizenship unavoidably speak simultaneously to all three audiences and their diverse internal claques.
