ABSTRACT
Supply side regulations are policy tools that allows state policymakers to require energy producers to use specified resources, increase efficiency, or mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. A Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) dictates which inputs should fuel the electric grid in a state. An Energy Efficiency Resource Standard (EERS) requires power producers to achieve targets and mandates to reduce consumption. To mitigate carbon dioxide emissions, a regulatory pricing mechanism such as cap and trade or a carbon tax can influence the mixture of resources devoted to powering homes, businesses, industry, and transportation. This chapter will explore these policy tools across the states and the model efforts to decrease fossil fuel consumption across the country and the world. These regulations face political hurdles and overall results require a long-term perspective, but they serve as models for future state, federal, and global actions to meet the targets of the Clean Power Plan and Paris Agreement.
