ABSTRACT

Sixteenth-century Europe was powered by commerce. Whilst mercantile groups from many areas prospered, those from the Low Countries were particularly successful. This study, based on extensive archival research, charts the ascent of the merchants established around Antwerp.

chapter |17 pages

Introduction

chapter 1|29 pages

Antwerp, Its Merchants and Their Trade

chapter 4|27 pages

Debt Finance Through Bills Obligatory

chapter |11 pages

Conclusion