ABSTRACT
In 1904, an Englishman named Leonard Woolley, then an undergraduate at New College, Oxford, was summoned to the warden’s office to discuss his career plans. Woolley murmured something about becoming a schoolmaster or taking holy orders. The warden leaned back in his chair. “I have decided that you shall become an archaeologist,” he announced. And Woolley didin fact, he became one of the most successful fieldworkers of the twentieth century. In this chapter, we summarize the development of archaeology between about 1900 and 1930, when the foundations of the modern science were laid and archaeology “came of age,” as the archaeological historian Glyn Daniel once put it.
