percent, it

The Problem o f Line Losses. To a lesser extent, the transportation

o f gas in pipelines features a transmission loss which is not negligible

and which often exceeds 10 percent over long hauls. This is because

most compressors along gas pipelines are powered with gas. Furthermore,

th is loss o f gas is a quadratic function o f the gas throughput, which does

not simplify the formal solution o f the optimization problem.