ABSTRACT
From late 2015 to early 2016 a national scandal ensued when the public learned that the state of Michigan, its Department of Environmental Quality, and the Midwest regional offices of the US Environmental Protection Agency were slow, resistant, and/or reluctant to react for almost two years to citizen complaints of sour-smelling, discolored water coming out of residential pipes, to the levels of toxic chemicals in the water, and to the subsequent diagnoses of lead poisoning. Hyperbolic or not, the potential harm and victimization from environmental crimes to the Earth's ecosystems may ultimately dwarf the combined costs from all the other crimes of the powerful. The diversity of environmental crimes related to climate change and multinational corporations spills over into multiple areas of harm and victimization.
