ABSTRACT
It has been discovered that the cause of this (circular) motion is will ( khwāst) rather than nature (ṭab‘). Each will, moreover, is either intelligent (‘aqlī) or materially sensible. Two kinds of material sensibilities exist. One is a will to realize what is agreeable (muwāfiq) to a body; the power for which this will exists is lust ( shahwa), Another is a will to remove and to conquer whatever is nonagreeable (nāmuwāfiq) to a body; the power for which this will exists is called anger ( ghaḍab). Whatever is not afraid of being destroyed, having no need to become more powerful, or, rather, having in general no need for anything external to it, will exhibit neither anger nor lust.
