Bottom-up opportunities, initiatives, and constraints Bottom-up opportunities for China: subnational

Climatic-stabilization actions are more prolific and complex than a framework limited to international and national levels of governance reveals. Among the multiple players in the multilevel politics of emissions reduction/limitation and adaptation to climate change are subnational governments and nonstate actors. This chapter identifies, compares, and evaluates bottom-up emissions-mitigation authority, drivers, initiatives, and constraints in contemporary China.