ABSTRACT
By , the fi nancial crisis, along with other factors, had a signifi cant impact on mainstream independent fi lm production. Many banks started to pull out of fi lm fi nancing, and DVD sales and rentals started shrinking due to online streaming and piracy. Th e market became much more volatile and unpredictable. Foreign sales for US independent fi lms evaporated as well, since foreign markets re-focused on purchasing local product and Hollywood movies.
