Review of recent literature

RMB (approximately US$125 billion) was to be spent in the first phase of the reform from 2009 to 2011. A high-ranking central steering committee headed by the then vicepremier Li Keqiang was established to coordinate the reform. The entire subnational administrative hierarchy has also been mobilized to develop local adaptations of the national reform formula, and local governments have been encouraged to embark on policy experimentations.