ABSTRACT
This chapter investigates how a range of actors who co-create places apply 'objective authenticity'. Harrison explores the complexity of heritage actor-networks and Harrison and Rose. It explores how people authenticate places, locating the 'original cities' through the layers of modernity, excavating beneath the modern carapace. Historic cities display many attributes of constructed authenticity. The 'concept city' or Second Space is the preserve of planners and architects, who try to make sense of place by gaining a vantage point, an insider view, looking down on the whole. Planning in historic cities has been defined as consisting of four stages in Ashworth and Tunbridge's description of the 'tourist-historic city'. In historic districts the planning emphasis is multilayered, simultaneously linking highly diverse timescales. At the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, a placemaker described changes to be made for the coming Olympic Games.
