ABSTRACT
William Henry Holmes was an artist who became a geologist, while Adolph Bandelier was a sociologist who became an archaeologist. In retrospect, they were among the first students of the whole Southwest. But Holmes came from geology as an artist, and Bandelier, four years younger than Holmes, from sociology and archaeology. Holmes's published thoughts about aesthetics began with papers in 1883 on "art in shell" of Amerindian origin. Painting came first, then sculpture, followed by architecture, all three with wide-mouthed trumpets. In 1888, Bandelier began, for Pope Leo XIII, the manuscript of "A History of the Southwest", as if dedicated to the last of the surrogate fathers he needed to replace the bankrupt and fugitive father who had deserted the family in 1885. Holmes saw New Mexico as a geologist and artist; Bandelier saw it as a sociologist and historian. But until its architects and architectural historians appeared in this century, the Pueblo style could not come into being.
