ABSTRACT
Real estate is a product with a high economic value, a long technical life cycle and a large spatial-physical impact. That is why it is of great societal importance to use real estate as effi ciently as possible. To enable a high-quality use and a high occupancy rate, a building must be able to keep up with qualitative and quantitative changes in demands. In recent decades the interest in fl exible building, also called adaptive building, has grown substantially. In many countries this interest is mainly caused by the structural vacancy of real estate, in particular offi ce buildings, the economic crisis, the congestion of the housing market and the increased awareness of and interest in sustainability (Arge and Blakstad, 2010; Cairns, 2010; Horgen, 2010; Hansen and Olsson, 2011; Van Meel, 2015). A direct connection can be made between adaptive building and sustainability (Wilkinson et al., 2009; Wilkinson and Remøy, 2011). Market developments show increased demands for fl exibility and sustainability by users and owners as well as a growing understanding of the importance of a circular economy (Eichholtz et al., 2008).
