ABSTRACT
Language policy studies have drawn on a range of research methods in investigating the historical genesis of policies and practices; situated contexts of language use; and evolving sociopolitical dynamics that shape language ideologies, policies, and practices (Canagarajah, 2005; Davis, 2014; Hult & Johnson, 2015). Hornberger and Johnson (2007) have argued that ethnography of language policy sheds light on how official top-down language policies and planning (LPP) play out in particular contexts, including interaction with bottom-up language policies that reveal multiple voices, covert motivation, embedded ideologies, and intended and unintended consequences of policy development. This approach further seeks to address structural power relations and agency of language policy actors by recognizing the importance of local policy discourses (Johnson, 2013; Johnson & Ricento, 2013; Hornberger & Johnson, 2007; McCarty, 2011). Yet while ethnographers report research concerning on-the-ground language policies and practices, descriptions of the politics, processes, and intent of language research often go unreported.
