ABSTRACT
There is considerable room for overlap in such conceptions, of course; and, indeed, among the classical Greeks, a person would have been considered deficient in his philanthrôpía if he possessed only one aspect of it while fundamentally lacking in the others [. . .]
Although there is considerable variety in the usage of philanthrôpía among ancient authors, there is also a fairly consistent association of it with the highest ideals of civilized humanity; and because Athens was situated at the epicenter of Greek philosophical life, Athenian conceptions of philanthrôpía were frequently informed by philosophical ideals. Particularly in its philosophical mode of usage, philanthrôpía became practically synonymous with the concept of paedeía, or the conscious shaping of human intellect through education and acculturation, with the aim of attaining the virtues.
