Psychoanalytic Theory as Applied to Organizations

Harry Levinson has applied psychoanalytic theory to organizational behavior. His work is based on the writings of Sigmund Freud (1938) and thus gives considerable attention to the unconscious, but it includes some original contributions as well. A good presentation of the current version of psychoanalytic theory is contained in Westen (1998); it is clear that the theory as set forth by Freud is somewhat outdated and needs to be brought up to date.