ABSTRACT

In 2005 the National Academy of Public Administration in its Strategic Plan elevated equity to be the fourth pillar along with economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. Definitions of the latter three terms are well known to members of the public administration community. The first definition of the word economy in the online dictionary is: Careful, thrifty management of resources, such as money, materials, or labor. With an example of: learned to practice economy in making out the household budget (Dictionary.com 2010).