ABSTRACT
In the course of a normal day, people may perform a variety of behaviors designed to produce desired outcomes. Consider the simple act of sending a text message. You may want to invite a friend to lunch. So you type the invitation into your phone, send it off to your friend, and then wait. The response may come back in a few seconds, but it may not come back for minutes, hours, or longer. And during the delay, you may find yourself experiencing uncertainty. Did I send the message to the right number? Did my friend read it? Did she understand the message? Is she mad at me? If she does respond, will it be too late to go to lunch?
