Violent climate or climate of violence? Concepts and relations with focus on Kenya and Sudan

In recent years there has been increasing debate on the security risks of anthropogenic climate change.1 Freshwater scarcity, food insecurity, extreme weather events and environmental migration2 are being discussed as key processes that are affected by climate change and potentially relevant to the onset of violent conflict.3 However, there is no scientific consensus yet. Climatic changes are found to contribute to violent conflicts in some cases while other studies do not support such a conclusion.4 Part of this heterogeneity can be explained by the different concepts of violence that are applied.