ABSTRACT
When we think of mood disorders such as depression or bipolar disorder, a commonly understood set of symptoms comes to mind. The term depression is associated with a low or depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure in usual activities, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and vegetative signs such as sleep and appetite disruption. Bipolar disorder may make us think of “mood swings” and erratic behavior and decision making. In the United States, we have become more accustomed to talking about mood disorders, describing the symptoms, and offering resources for treatment and support. In fact, we have become familiar with and have nearly come to expect and talk casually about mood symptoms that affect people at specific times and under certain circumstances, such as in the case of postpartum depression, seasonal affective disorder, or premenstrual dysphoric disorder. In the case of children, however, mood disorders are not well understood. They may be viewed as similar to mood syndromes in adults or thought of as scaled-down versions of adult depression and bipolar disorder. Children, however, experience mood symptoms differently, and whereas the sets of symptoms that define depression and bipolar disorder are described similarly, children and adolescents have unique assessment, treatment, and support needs.
