ABSTRACT
The hypotheses are tested by examining contrasts among perceptions of nationals, EU movers, ltTCNs and stTCNs; the data provide supportive evidence if nationals are more efficacious (satisfied with democracy) than are EU movers and TCNs, who are expected to be more efficacious (satisfied with democracy) than are stTCNs (H1a, H1b). The set of binary status variables is included as fixed effects estimators without (models E1, S1) and with control variables for confounding effects (models E2, S2). For testing the second set of hypotheses (H2a, H2b), a level-1 interaction term is included to compute marginal
sufficient number of cases to study the effects of EU citizenship statuses across all countries. At the contextual level, the analysis draws on data gathered by the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) project (available online at www.mipex.eu), which covers all EU member states and allows for a comparative measurement of migrants’ institutional opportunities to participate in the political community of residence.
