ABSTRACT
Introduction New technology is always based on new ideas, findings, research and development strategies, appropriate skills and availability of the necessary labour, user industries as reference industries to apply such opportunities successfully, and, of course, markets that are ready to absorb such new products. While industrial structures and available markets are fundamental when such technologies are being prepared (to generate their economic potential), academic labour, research structures and the funding of techno-scientific research is both prior and fundamental to economic exploitation. Since new technologies generally provide a wide range of business opportunities and diverse applications, there are plenty of strategies for techno-industrial innovation that policy makers can utilise. No matter what strategy is decided upon finally, because of limited resources (in budgets, personnel and equipment) there is always a problem of there being more new ideas and opportunities than could be realised at a single location. This applies no matter how strong their research base might be – or whether they are engaged in certain areas of research from very early stages. Even nation states may be confronted with limitations that are formed by available personnel and outstanding research locations.
