ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the composite structural members and the effects of temperature changes on structural members that are restrained from expanding or contracting as a result of the changes in temperature. Consider a composite member with two, or more, elements in series, where it have three rods connected end to end with the rods being of different cross-sections and perhaps different materials. The total extension of the composite bar is the sum of the extensions arising for each series element. If, however, the material is fixed in such a way that it cannot expand then compressive stresses occur as a consequence of an increase in temperature. The chapter talks about the shear stresses involved in fastenings, such as riveted and bolted joints. The term direct stress is used when the area of material being stressed is at right angles to the line of action of the external forces, as when the material is in tension or compression.
