ABSTRACT
Particulate matter (PM) emissions from livestock housings vary with the type of housing and livestock. To assess the impact on PM levels and the contribution to secondary PM, suitable emission factors (EF) are necessary to identify ammonia levels in a cowshed. This chapter aims to create EF and an emission database for loose-housing uninsulated cowsheds, because this is the dominant type of housing used nowadays in Europe. As fresh air to the loose-housing cowshed is flowing through the openings and, therefore, the ambient air levels influence the indoor air. It is always important to take into account the ambient air levels of PM and other pollutants, if indoor PM levels from the loose-housing cowshed are measured. The indoor concentrations of PM2.5 were more influenced by ambient air concentrations. The ammonia and PM concentrations were also strongly influenced by the ventilation rate: during low ventilation rates, higher concentrations were observed.
