ABSTRACT
The second round of skirmishing took place after the death of Rukn al-Dawla, the eldest Buwayhid, in September 976. ޏAঌud al-Dawla returned to dwell in the royal residence, next to the caliph’s palace (978). He obtained additional royal titles: as well as amƯr al-umarƗގ (the commander in chief; 981),89 that of tƗj al-milla (Crown of the Muslim Community) and shƗh-an-shƗh (King of Kings).90 Both titles reÀ ect the ancient Iranian tradition of the great kings. His political authority and economic power were unlimited.91 He was considered by some to be the greatest king (al-malik al-sayyid) of his time.
