ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with the middle inflections denoting the TMA (Tense Mood Aspect) or kāla aspect or the temporal constituency of the action/event denoted by a verb phrase in Panjabi. A note of mild caution is due here. The system presented here is very different from what readers may be used to as a result of their exposure to European languages only or believing in the claims made by those linguists who set up, on the basis of European languages, the grammatical and semantic frameworks with “universalistic” ambitions and pretensions.
