ABSTRACT
ANOVA statistical method for analyzing variance in data antonym word with the opposite meaning of another word:
night vs. day argot slang of specialized groups, especially criminal ones asynchronous communication
communication that takes place over time (not simultaneously)
bilabial sound produced by bringing both lips into contact with each other
bilingualism the use of two languages by an individual, social group, or nation
borrowing process of adopting a word from another language, for general use: Italian has borrowed the word sport from English
bound morpheme morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme: un-and -ly in unlikely
calque word-by-word translation of a foreign phrase or expression: the title The Brothers Karamazov is a calque of the corresponding Russian phrase (the word order in English should be The Karamazov Brothers)
cant type of secretive slang used especially by criminal organizations
case form of a noun, pronoun or adjective that indicates its syntactic relation to other words in a sentence
case study study that examines a particular manifestation of a phenomenon
cataphoric device word or particle that anticipates a word in a sentence or paragraph: he in Although he likes Italy, Alex is not going this year
central tendency the main characteristic of a set of data Chi-square test measure of how closely the frequency distribution of
actual data matches that expected in theory
code-mixing mixing two or more languages during conversation code-switching alternating between two or more languages or
varieties of language in conversation cognates words in different languages that are derived from the
same source: Latin pater and English father colloquialism word or expression that is not formal but used in
ordinary conversation communicative competence
ability to use a language appropriately in social contexts
community of practice group of people who share a common goal or outlook commutation test test comparing two forms that are alike in all respects
except one, in order to see if a difference in meaning results: pill vs. bill
comparative grammar early school of the language sciences based on comparing forms in languages to see if they are related historically
complementary distribution
process whereby allophones of the same phoneme occur in different environments: in English [ph] occurs in word-initial position followed by a vowel (pin, pill), whereas [p] occurs in all other positions (spin, spill, prize, cap)
componential analysis breaking down the meaning of words into smaller components of meaning: for example, man is [+male, +human], lion is [+male, -human]
conative function effect a message has or is intended to have on its receiver
conceptual metaphor generalized metaphorical formula: people are animals underlies He’s a dog, She’s a tiger, and so on
connotation extensional meaning of a word: the meaning of cool as “attractive”
consonant sound produced by means of some obstruction to the airstream emanating from the lungs
contact physical situation in which discourse occurs context psychological, social, and emotional relations people
assume during discourse contrast minimal difference between two elements conversation analysis study of how conversations unfold core vocabulary basic vocabulary of a language, containing items such
as mother, father, son, daughter, etc.
