ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the two major topics which are speech production and writing, including coverage of the effects of brain damage on the language processes. There are numerous types of speech error, including spoonerisms, Freudian slips, semantic substitutions, exchange errors and number-agreement errors. Speech production involves several general stages or processes. These are: Semantic level; Syntactic level; Morphological level; and Phonological level. The key purpose of speech is communication, and speakers are often sensitive to the needs of their listener when those needs are clear and straightforward. The study of speech errors can provide insights into the processes underlying speech production. Writing involves proposing or planning, translating, transcribing, and evaluating and revising the text that has been produced. The working memory system is heavily involved in the writing process. Spelling is an important aspect of writing and has attracted considerable research interest.
