ABSTRACT
One way of evaluating any human acuvity is to ask whether it is achieving what it was meant to achieve. A rather more sophisticated way is to ask what it is achieving (see Rowntree and Harden, 1976). This second approach recognizes a truth that has become routinized in the dinical trial of new drugs - that the most well-intentioned acts often produce results other than were intended. We fail to comprehend the phenomenon being studied if we concern ourselves merely with a narrow range of pre-identified or publidy prodaimed effects and overlook its side-effects.
