ABSTRACT
Globalization, scientific and technological processes and, in Europe, the Bologna process, are creating an increasingly competitive environment for universities (Weber 2006). Universities are key players in the national innovation systems and in the promotion of regional development, in synergy with business and local governments (Etzkowitz 2004). Like many other organizations, they also have to demonstrate adequate resource management and accountability in support of clearly defined and feasible goals, which are crucial during periods of financial crisis and budget cuts. In this context, the conceptualization and functioning of universities are changing toward more autonomous, efficient and competitive institutions.
