ABSTRACT
The standard of farming and the general cultural level of the Ukrainian population at present incorporated in the Polish state differs as completely from the conditions in Poland Proper as do conditions in France or Germany. If Poland is no longer that “hell of peasants” which the Italian Pacichelli described in the seventeenth century, it is still, judged by Western standards, politically and culturally inferior to the Ukrainian territories of Eastern Galicia and Volhynia, Polissia and Podlashia.
