ABSTRACT

Dissent and Reform in the Early Middle Ages (Berkeley, Calif, 1965) analyzes religious dissent and reform efforts before the eleventh century.

Ute-Renate Blumenthal, The Investiture Controversy. Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Eleventh Century (Philadelphia, Pa., 1988) is an up-to-date study, with excellent bibliographies, of the personalities and issues involved in the eleventh-century struggles of kings and popes. A selection of the letters of Gregory VII is available in The Correspondence of Pope Gregory VII, translated by Ephraim Emerton, Columbia Records of Civilization, 14 (New York, 1932). For some positive eleventh-century views of the German emperor's power over the church see Imperial Lives and Letters of the Eleventh Century, translated by Theodor E. Mommsen and Karl F. Morrison (New York, 1962). Brian Tierney, The Crisis ofChurch and State, 1050-1300 (Englewood Cliffs, N], 1964), pp. 1-95, has a historical treatment of church-state relations up to the twelfth century, with translations of important original documents. Gerd Tellenbach, Church, State and Christian Society at the Time of the Investiture Contest (Oxford, 1940), is still a useful introduction to the ideas and issues of the papal reform. Ian S. Robinson, Authority and Resistance in the Investiture Contest: the Polemical Literature ofthe late Eleventh Century (Manchester, 1978) traces the arguments on both sides. Horst Fuhrmann, Germany in the High Middle Ages, c. 1050-1200, translated by Timothy Reuter (Cambridge, 1986), pp. 31-87, describes the Investiture Controversy within the context of German history. The Investiture Controversy: Issues, Ideals, and Results, edited by Karl F. Morrison (New York, 1971), is a handy collection of medieval sources and modern secondary works.