ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the works of the various makers of modern geography and demonstrates the idea and purpose in their work. Siegfried Passarge developed the idea of four spatial forces, Raum, Mensch, Kultur, Geschichte, and the idea that cultural geography is concerned with the influence of Man and his works in the creation of the cultural landscape or the man-made landscape. Karl Sapper's earlier works are on physical geography and especially on geology, and on the geography of Central America. Hugo Hassinger was born in Vienna and studied geography, geology and history at the University. His first research was on the geomorphology of the basin of Vienna, but he soon became more interested in the city itself. Gradmann took his habilitation on the special wish of Karl Sapper at the University of Tubingen, where he was employed in the University library, as well as being employed in the statistical office of Wurttemberg.
