ABSTRACT
The growing consolidation practices and the rise of global port operators generate a high degree of concentration in the port industry, which is often associated with monopolistic behaviour and technological lumpiness. When there is a risk of monopolistic behaviour, governments and port authorities can stimulate competition in various ways. Intra-port competition between terminal operators. This model requires the port to be large enough to justify the existence of several terminals of similar traffic type. Inter-port competition in the form of direct competition between ports situated in a shared range or hinterland where major shipping lines are adept at playing one port against another. Marketing information system models cover both quantitative and qualitative data and use a variety of techniques ranging from statistical and economic models to mathematical and simulation models. Promotion is a marketing tool for communication between the port and its customers and users with a view of informing them and influencing their market and choice attitudes.
