ABSTRACT
Unlike coaching, the seminar has been a clearly, even formally, defined teaching technique since the beginning of Paideia reform. It is a formal discussion based on a text in which the leader asks only open-ended questions. Within the context of the discussion, students are required to read and study the text carefully, listen closely to the comments of others, think critically for themselves, and articulate both their own thoughts and their responses to the thoughts of others. In other words, every seminar in which students participate hones their language skills. In the seminar, unlike in the coaching paradigm, students are also sharpening their skills in applying abstractions—ideas and values.
