ABSTRACT
Within dynamic theories, group art interaction can reveal and re-enact family of origin relationships, with the group leaders as parents and group members regressing to siblings, from an object theory perspective. Art enables these elusive elements to be concretized and confronted in the here and now of the group, and also intensifi es the diff erent projective zones. Art in groups helps to capture and to concretize
the defences, transferences, and projections that are enacted in both the art processes and the art products, from an ego psychology perspective. Art also encourages integration and sublimation of feelings into art rather than acting out feelings as behaviour within the group. This teaches more eff ective defences in terms of theories of ego psychology. From a Jungian stance, a group shares joint cultural symbols and can address their hidden archetypes to work on issues of individuals and groups from the same culture (Jung, 1974 ; Kramer, 1971 , 2000 ; Landgarten, 2013 ; Naumberg, 1966 ; Robbins, 1999 ; Rubin, 1999 ).
