ABSTRACT
The history of foreign press in Turkey can be traced back to the mid-19th century Ottoman Empire, the predecessor of modern Turkey. The Crimean War (1853–1856), which marked the emergence of a new type of journalist known as the ‘foreign correspondent’ and intensified the role of news agencies (Hess, 1996) in communication, also made Istanbul a centre of attraction for foreign media. Due to the city’s strategic location, ships carrying soldiers and supplies back and forth docked at and sailed from Istanbul, making it also a place of refuge for the injured and casualties (Topuz, 2003). In the imperial capital, Istanbul, a considerable number of publications were also published in languages such as Armenian, Greek, and Arabic, which belonged to some of the ethnic and linguistic communities of the Ottoman Empire (Yanardağoğlu, 2009).
