ABSTRACT
A crucial subtext has gone unremarked up to this point. At issue in the distinctions drawn in the last chapter, as weH as further distinctions to be drawn soon, is the question: What is real (shih .)? Before offering the Ch'eng weishih lun's reply to that question, we should first look at the theories of two Madhyamakans, since Hsüan-tsang seems as interested in addressing thdr objections as he is in reciting Sauträntic and Y ogäcära positions.
