ABSTRACT
In the late 1960s White residents of a Philadelphia neighborhood called Fair-mount, north of center city, regularly and often with the support of police, ran off Blacks who walked through the neighbor-hood. 1 A red-faced, Irish-Ukrainian Fair-mounter, looking back at his teenage years, described the neighborhood this way:
They called our neighborhood “White island” because we were surrounded…. When I was growing up there would have been fighting no matter what. We fought everyday. We fought our way to school. We fought our way home from school. We fought everyday.
