ABSTRACT
Leadership effectiveness is achieved through layers of concepts that weave together to create the ultimate leader. Three other concepts also come into play: virtues, attributes and competencies. Traditional virtues hinge off the cardinal virtues and are those that are passed on traditionally from person to person, society to society, family to family and generation to generation. These include hope, faith and charity. Hope is the desire and expectation of something to happen and is very important to life as we know it. Viktor Frankl was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist that lived through the Holocaust. The leader is the beacon of hope for their staff. To relay those feelings of hope to the staff, the leader needs to remain confident and positive. Effective leaders are perceived to be powerful, so it is important to understand the concept of power and the positives and negatives that surround it.
